11.06.06
This tutorial shows how I Run a Pure-Data (PD) Patch on Startup Boot in Ubuntu-server

I assume this can work in ubuntu (x-win) too – it wil just work on a different runlevel (see the end of this text). Took me a few days to figure this one out! Hope it helps to cut the time down for others.

I put the following script named “pd_start” in /etc/init.d/

################################# beginning of script
#############################

#! /bin/sh

# Check for missing binaries (stale symlinks should not happen)
PD_BIN=/usr/bin/pd
test -x $PD_BIN || exit 5

case “$1″ in
start)
echo -n “Starting PD”
## Start daemon with startproc(8). If this fails
## the return value is set appropriately by startproc.
/usr/bin/pd -nogui -noaudio \
-lib /usr/lib/pd/extra/zexy \
-lib /usr/lib/pd/extra/maxlib \
-path /usr/lib/pd/extra \
-path /home/mark \
/home/mark/netpd_server.pd &
;;
## mind the &!!
stop)
echo -n “Shutting down NetPd Server”
## Stop daemon with killproc(8) and it this fails
## killproc sets the return value according to LSB

kill ‘cat /var/run/pd.pid’
;;

restart)
## Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
## running or not, start it again
$0 stop
$0 start
;;

*)
echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}”
exit 1
;;
esac

################################## end of script
#######################

Then I changed the permissions on the file:

$ sudo chmod 755 pd_start

Then I ran the following command:

$ sudo update-rc.d -f pd_start start 99 2 3 4 5 .

Where:
- start is the argument given to the script (start, stop).
- 99 is the start order of the script (1 = first one, 99= last one)
- 2 3 4 5 are the runlevels to start

It is important NOT to forget the “.” period at the end! More info in /etc/rcS.d/README.

After hitting enter I get this:

Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/pd_start …
/etc/rc2.d/S99pd_start -> ../init.d/pd_start
/etc/rc3.d/S99pd_start -> ../init.d/pd_start
/etc/rc4.d/S99pd_start -> ../init.d/pd_start
/etc/rc5.d/S99pd_start -> ../init.d/pd_start

Then I stop my script at shutdown:

$ sudo update-rc.d -f pd_start reboot 90 0 6 .

It is important NOT to forget the “.” period at the end! After hitting enter I get this:

usage: update-rc.d [-n] [-f] remove
update-rc.d [-n] defaults [NN | sNN kNN]
update-rc.d [-n] start|stop NN runlvl [runlvl] [...] .
-n: not really
-f: force

Then I restart the server to see if it work!

$ sudo shutdown -r now

AND IT DOES!!!

To know which runlevel you are running, simply type
$ runlevel

more info about runlevels here : http://oldfield.wattle.id.au/luv/boot.html#init

This ‘HowTo’ was compiled using a suggestion from ‘samyboy’ at:

http://ubuntu.wordpress.com/2005/09/07/adding-a-startup-script-to-be-run-at-bootup/

and a thread from the ‘pure-data’ list at:

http://lists.puredata.info/pipermail/pd-list/2006-11/043742.html

11.02.06
This a HOWTO on running Pure-Data (pd) patches from a base install of a Ubuntu-Server (LAMP – Linux, Apache, MySql, Php)

This is a follow-up tutorial on “Setting Up a Home Ubuntu LAMP Server” which is located HERE.

With this tutorial I will set up a “netpd” server using the provided patch from netpd.org using the netpd-server.pd patch.

First I need to get PD (pure-data) running on my ubuntu server. This is the easy part!

First I have to add ‘universe’ to my ubuntu repositories so that ubuntu knows where to look when i do ‘apt-get’. So I first have to edit my ‘sources.list” file:

$ sudo pico /etc/apt/sources.list

In this file I either add the following line of uncomment the lines:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe

I can also add the ‘multiverse’ repositories while I am at it:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper multiverse

NOW I can update my repository/package list:

$ sudo apt-get update

Now I can install PD. First I will build my dependencies. This makes sure that all the libraries are installed that PD relies on before i install PD.

$ sudo apt-get build-dep puredata

You will then be prompted to install some libs. Just say “Y” and they should automatically install. NOW to install PD:

$ sudo apt-get install puredata

That should work fine! Puredata is installed at /usr/lib/pd and your binaries are at /usr/bin
Now you can update teh database so you can search for your files if you want:

$ sudo updatedb
$ locate pdsend (for example)

and you will see something like this maybe:

/usr/bin/pdsend
/usr/share/man/man1/pdsend.1.gz

OK. Now that you know pd is installed you can give is a try:

$ pd

You will probably get something like this:

Application initialization failed: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

And when you exit (ctrl-c) you will get something like this:

Pd: signal 2

This is fine. We at least now know that it is installed. The reason we get a “failed” error is because ‘ubuntu-server’ does not have a GUI so next time we start PD we must use a GUI suppression flag like so:

$ pd -nogui

Thant should work! NOW, the patch I am going to run needs two extra libraries – zexy and maxlib. Zexy is easy. It already is part of the ‘universe’ repository so:

$ sudo apt-get install pd-zexy

We will now check to see it load with the ‘-nogui’ flag and the load library flag ‘-lib zexy’:

$ pd -nogui -lib zexy

AND we should see:

????????????????????????????
? the zexy external 2.1 ?
? (l) forum::f?r::uml?ute ?
? compiled: Oct 26 2005 ?
? send me a ‘help’ message ?
????????????????????????????

Cool! NOW a tricky part! Getting the ‘maxlib’ to load. First I want to say that nobody’s taught me how to do any of this, I taught myself! So some steps might be different to take for some people than others. To get the ‘maxlibs’ working I did this a little different than someone else might so I will just write how I did it and let the reader decide how one could do it better.

As far as I know the ‘maxlibs” have not been kept up to date (I think the last changes were in 2003-2004). For my patch I need the objects ‘nerserver’ and ‘netclient’ so I really need to figure out how to install ‘maxlib’. Since the repository lacks this library I can’t install it the same way as I installed ‘zexy’ for instance. So I have to get the source for ‘maxlib’ and compile it myself:

First I will start by ‘cd’ing to my home directory:

$ cd ~

Now I need to check out the pd ‘externals’ from the CVS repository (basically all the source code to all the externals). So if you do not have CVS program installed:

$ sudo apt-get install cvs

Then:

$ cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@pure-data.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/pure-data/ login

Hit return when you are asked for a password. Then, to get the source:

$ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@pure-data.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/pure-data/ co externals

This will give you a local copy of the externals-directory in the repository. If you ‘cd’ into the directory (cd externals) and type the command ‘dir’ you will see the ‘maxlib’ directory. cd into this directory:

$ cd maxlib

Once you are here to have to alter your makefile. All this means is that you have to chhange some stuff that that when you compile the file will compile correctly. SO:

$ pico makefile

Scroll way way down until you get to the section ‘Linux i386′. Here you will see a line ‘# where is your m_pd.h ???”. You need to change this to point to your file ‘m_pd.h”. For me this file is in my externals directory that I just downloaded in my home directory. So I change/add the line:

LINUXINCLUDE = -I/home/mark/externals/build/include -I./include

I guess you would replace “mark” with whatever you login name is etc.

NOW scroll all the way to the bottom of the ‘makefile’. You will then see a line that starts with ‘PDDIR’. Change this to your pd dir:

PDDIR=/usr/lib/pd

AND hit ‘ctr-o’ to save file and ‘ctr-x’ to exit pico. You ‘makefile’ has bee altered!! No to compile:

$ sudo make pd_linux
$ sudoo make install

NOW I thought that this would install it to the right directory automatically because I changes the makefile to point to my pd directory. Unfortunately when I cd too my pd directory it is not there…. weird. So in my externals/maxlib directory I notice that the file that ‘make pd_linux’ created was called “maxlib.pd_linux”. OK this is what I need in my pd/extras directory. So on my g4 Mac I have a program I use called Transmit that is basically a ssh (secure shell) client with a nice GUI. Instead of using the ‘terminal’ to copy (cp) the file over to the pd/extras directory I get a little lazy because my eyes are starting to get sore.

So I just log in to my server with Transmit. Drag the ‘maxlib.pd_linux’ file to the desktop of my g4, navigate to the pd/extras directory and ‘drag&drop’ the file into it. Done! ‘maxlib’ is on my ubuntu system!

Now back in terminal i give it a try:

$ pd -nogui -lib zexy -lib maxlib

????????????????????????????
? the zexy external 2.1 ?
? (l) forum::f?r::uml?ute ?
? compiled: Oct 26 2005 ?
? send me a ‘help’ message ?
????????????????????????????

maxlib :: Music Analysis eXtensions LIBrary
written by Olaf Matthes version 1.5.2
compiled Oct 29 2006
latest version at http://www.akustische-kunst.org/puredata/maxlib/
objects: allow arbran arraycopy average beat beta bilex borax cauchy
chord delta deny dist divide divmod edge expo fifo gauss
gestalt history ignore iso lifo linear listfifo listfunnel
match minus mlife multi nchange netclient netdist netrec
netserver nroute pitch plus poisson pong pulse remote rewrap
rhythm scale score speedlim split step subst sync temperature
tilt timebang triang unroute urn velocity weibull wrap

priority 8 scheduling enabled.
priority 6 scheduling enabled.

GREAT! It loaded! Now to upload my patch and write a startup script. So back in ‘Transmit’ I ‘drag&drop’ my ‘netpd_server.pd’ patch in my home folder (~/home/mark). Now a write a startup script with my flags in it. SO:

$ pico netpd_boot.sh

This will open a new document. In this document add the following line

pd -nogui -noaudio -lib zexy -lib maxlib -open netpd_server.pd

Save the file by hitting ‘ctr-o’ and quit pico with ‘ctr-x’. Now if you do a ‘dir’ command you should see the new file! To try it out type:

$ sh netpd_boot.sh

EVERYTHING SHOULD WORK!!! Now you can try to login with your ‘netpd’ program to your new server!

NEXT: We will write a ‘boot-up’ script so that your ‘netpd_boot.sh” script boots with your system!

11.23.06
Princeton researchers demonstrate exactly how to undetectably hack a Diebold AccuVote TS voting machine in a matter of minutes.

As elections near I am very interested in ‘how’ a voting machine might be hacked. There are plenty of ‘how to’s’ out there to educate the public in ‘vote’ hacking. Elections of the future may be based on who (as in what party or ideology) can hack the machines faster thereby procuring more votes. Time shall tell.

From Herald.com | 12/15/2005 | New tests fuel doubts about vote machines:

BlackBox hired Herbert Thompson, a computer-science professor and strategist at Security Innovation, which tests software for companies such as Google and Microsoft.

Thompson couldn